Arduino UNO 开发板是基于 ATmega328 的单片机。（点我查看官方说明）
那么我们能否直接使用 ATmega 来驱动 LED 灯闪烁呢？也就是直接做到 Blink 例子中的效果，即灯亮一秒、灭一秒。答案是可以的。
怎么做呢？
首先把 Arduino 与 PC 接好，然后把 Blink 程序下载到 Arduino 中，程序已经烧录进去。我们知道，该例子是让 Arduino 的 D13 号进行高低电平的切换，从而让接到该引脚的 LED 灯闪烁。
知道了这个，接下来我们把 ATmega328 芯片从 Arduino 上拿下，插在面包板上，一会要用。（记得插到中缝处跨过两边，这样才有针脚啊。）
那么下来该接线了，包括电源线和 LED 灯线。接到哪里呢？
我们先看看ATmega328的引脚标注：
上面的图来自于这个文件：AVR ATmega365p 技术手册，点我在线阅读。
我们查看这个文件（Arduino 官方给出的 Arduino UNO 板的电路图）：http://arduino.cc/en/uploads/Main/Arduino_Uno_Rev3-schematic.pdf，在其中找到D13接到了 ATmega328 的哪个引脚上，同样的查看 GND 、电源部分的引脚。记下来。
观察后发现，D13 接到了 PB5 ，GND 是22号引脚。电源正极 VCC 为7号引脚，输入电压为5V，负极为8号引脚（ GND 接地）。
看清楚后，我们就可以动手了。
但是 Arduino 要运行必须得有一个最基本的运行环境，需要什么环境呢？我从 http://www.seeedstudio.com/ 找来了这个资料：
（本处引用自：http://www.seeedstudio.com/wish/diy-arduino-parts-kit-p1991）
A kit that contains of the basic parts to build a circuit with a pre-programmed Arduino on e.g. breadboards, hole matrix board/printed circuit breadboard
Includes:
1 x DIL ATMega328P-PU with ARDUINO UNO bootloader
1 x DIP 28 pin Socket
2 x 22 pF Ceramic Capacitor
1 x 16 MHz (or 8 MHz )Crystal Low Profile
1 x LM7805 1.5A 5V Regulator or similar (e.g. LM2940 or maybe LM317)
2 x Electrolytic Capacitor 10uF 35V or 50V
1 x 330 Ohm 0.25W Resistor
1 x 10k Ohm 0.25W Resistor
1 x Green or Red Power LED
1 x Reset Switch
1x 2.1mm DC-power jackAnd if possible even a printed circuit breadboard (hole matrix or stripes) of according size (e.g. 100x50mm or 70x90mm FR2 or better)
因此，我们需要在面包板上搭建上述最小零件下的电路图。这下的任务就是按照这个说明图和上面的针脚说明图来搭建 Arduino 环境。
在上述引用页面的评论中我们找到了这样一条评论：
hi, thanks for your very kindly suggestion, actually, a kit called “BBAC”is about to release . it was designed by oomlout.com, has a detailed guidance of how to implement a UNO board with a breadboard and some other components. and, as you say, it also has a printed circuit breadboard to show the details.
看到这个评论说 http://www.oomlout.comd 的“BBAC”项目完成了这一工作，里面有具体的细节。我们打开网页，主页中没找到，在其blog中找到了所说的BBAC，里面还有别的最简Arduino环境，很有趣。这是BBAC的链接：http://oomlout.co.uk/collections/arduino/products/breadboard-arduino-compatible-bbac
这里抄上其介绍：
Description
A kit with all the components you need to produce your very own Arduino compatible on a breadboard. Simply place the included layout sheet on the breadboard then follow the fun Lego style assembly instructions in the included printed manual.
Features:
- Easy to assemble with printed guide and breadboard layout sheet.
- If you run into any problems we’re only an e-mail away (help@oomlout.com).
- Fully compatible with the Arduino IDE.
Includes:
- Printed Colour Assembly Guide
- Printed Colour Breadboard Layout Sheet (to make component placement easy)
- 400 Contact Breadboard
- ATMega328 (with Arduino bootloader preloaded (Uno))
- 16 MHz Crystal
- Capacitors (2x100uf, 2x100nf, 2x22pf)
- Resistors (2x560ohm, 2x10k ohm, 12x 0 ohm)
- LEDs (Red power, green pin 13)
- Jumper Wires
- Pushbutton (for reset)
- 6 Pin Header (for programming with a USB-Serial adapter)
- 7805 Voltage Regulator
- 9v Battery Clip
Resources:
如果你打不开它们的PDF，我提供了PDF文件：
Assembly and Programming Guide (pdf)：http://yunpan.cn/Qb6bqCGp2LyH2
Breadboard Layout Sheet (pdf)：http://yunpan.cn/Qb6buJ696QFdh
你在这里能看到所有可以DIY的Arduino环境制作信息：http://oomlout.co.uk/collections/arduino/diy
手册里说的很详细，按照其说明图，我们可以搭建出简单的 Arduino 环境。最最基本的配件就如 Seeed 的清单一样，oomlout.com 也给出了其清单，安装方式请参照上面的 pdf 文档。
（本处引用自：http://oomlout.co.uk/collections/arduino/products/arduino-component-bundle-arcb）
Description
Looking to move an Arduino project from the prototyping stage to something a bit more permanent? Here are all the components you need to make your own, Arduino compatible (MCu, crystal, power supply & neccesary passive components).
Includes:
- ATMega328 (pre-programmed with Arduino bootloader (Uno)) (x1)
- IC Socket (28 Pin) (x1)
- Crystal (16 MHz) (x1)
- Voltage Regulator (5 Volt 7805) (x1)
- Pushbutton (x1)
- LEDs (5mm Green)(x1) (5mm Red)(x1)
- Resistors (10k Ohm) (x2) (560 Ohm) (x2)
- Capacitors (100 nf) (x2) (100 uf) (x2) (22pF) (x2)
Resources:
- How to Make a Breadboard Based Arduino Compatible (oomlout.co.uk)
一切都已就绪，Good Luck！
一条评论