Pinio and PinioBox:https://github.com/betaflight/betaflight/wiki/Pinio-and-PinioBox


Pinio and PinioBox

Overview

  • PINIO is an abstraction of simple GPIO (General Purpose I/O) pin facility, and PINIO BOX is a facility to associate boxes (modes) to PINIO.
  • Most targets are build to be capable of configuring up to four pins for the PINIO facility, which can then be controlled by the PINIO BOX facility.

PINIO

An MCU pin can be assigned to PINIO by resource CLI command.

Example of resource with PINIO:

PINIO CONFIG

I/O configuration of each pin is specified by pinio_config CLI variable, which is a comma separated list/array of 8-bit values. MSB represents inversion, and remaining 7-bits specify I/O mode as defined in drivers/pinio.h (Only push-pull output is defined for this PR).

PINIO CONFIG HEX DEC
PINIO_CONFIG_OUT_INVERTED 0x80 128
PINIO_CONFIG_MODE_MASK 0x7F 127
PINIO_CONFIG_MODE_OUT_PP 0x01 1

Note: Values can be combined together

Example of pinio_config

Sets Output-Push-Pull for PINIO #1, #3 and #4, and Inverted Output-Push-Pull for PINIO #2.

Default value is 1 (Output-Push-Pull).

PINIO BOX

CLI variable pinio_box, comma separated list of permanent ID of boxes, associate the boxes to corresponding PINIOs. Once associated, the boxes’s activation status are reflected to the associated PINIOs (and then to pins). Since the PINIO BOX facility has it’s own capability of monitoring activation state of boxes, it operates independently from what boxes are meant for. (In other words, the PINIO BOX adds PINIO capability to boxes.)

Permanent IDs 40 through 43 are user defined boxes, which are activated and appear as USER1 through USER4 in the list of boxes at places such as Modes tab in configurator.

Example of pinio_box

With this assignment, PINIO #1 through #4 are associated with boxes as follow.

PINIO Description Permanent ID
1 ARM 0
2 VTX PIT MODE 39
3 USER4 43
4 BOXID_NONE 255

For permanent ID of boxes (or AUX modes), the table below is based on msp/msp_box.c.

Box Mode ID Notes
BOXARM ARM 0
BOXANGLE ANGLE 1
BOXHORIZON HORIZON 2
BOXBARO BARO 3
BOXANTIGRAVITY ANTI GRAVITY 4
BOXMAG MAG 5
BOXHEADFREE HEADFREE 6
BOXHEADADJ HEADADJ 7
BOXCAMSTAB CAMSTAB 8
BOXCAMTRIG CAMTRIG 9 (removed)
BOXGPSHOME GPS HOME 10 (removed)
BOXGPSHOLD GPS HOLD 11 (removed)
BOXPASSTHRU PASSTHRU 12
BOXBEEPERON BEEPER 13
BOXLEDMAX LEDMAX 14 (removed)
BOXLEDLOW LEDLOW 15
BOXLLIGHTS LLIGHTS 16 (removed)
BOXCALIB CALIB 17
BOXGOV GOVERNOR 18 (removed)
BOXOSD OSD DISABLE SW 19
BOXTELEMETRY TELEMETRY 20
BOXGTUNE GTUNE 21 (removed)
BOXRANGEFINDER RANGEFINDER 22 (removed)
BOXSERVO1 SERVO1 23
BOXSERVO2 SERVO2 24
BOXSERVO3 SERVO3 25
BOXBLACKBOX BLACKBOX 26
BOXFAILSAFE FAILSAFE 27
BOXAIRMODE AIR MODE 28
BOX3D DISABLE / SWITCH 3D 29
BOXFPVANGLEMIX FPV ANGLE MIX 30
BOXBLACKBOXERASE BLACKBOX ERASE (>30s) 31
BOXCAMERA1 CAMERA CONTROL 1 32
BOXCAMERA2 CAMERA CONTROL 2 33
BOXCAMERA3 CAMERA CONTROL 3 34
BOXFLIPOVERAFTERCRASH FLIP OVER AFTER CRASH 35
BOXPREARM PREARM 36
BOXBEEPGPSCOUNT BEEP GPS SATELLITE COUNT 37
BOX3DONASWITCH 3D ON A SWITCH 38 (removed)
BOXVTXPITMODE VTX PIT MODE 39
BOXUSER1 USER1 40
BOXUSER2 USER2 41
BOXUSER3 USER3 42
BOXUSER4 USER4 43
BOXPIDAUDIO PID AUDIO 44
BOXPARALYZE PARALYZE 45
BOXGPSRESCUE GPS RESCUE 46
BOXACROTRAINER ACRO TRAINER 47
BOXVTXCONTROLDISABLE DISABLE VTX CONTROL 48
BOXLAUNCHCONTROL LAUNCH CONTROL 49
BOXMSPOVERRIDE MSP OVERRIDE 50

Note: Value 255 is defined as BOXID_NONE which specifies the specified slot is not used.

Examples

These are some general examples.

Some inbuilt or external devices/modules come with a dedicated pin/wire to enable/disable it. This depends on the device, but such a pin/wire is necessary for the PINIO function to work the way it is supposed to. On some devices this pin needs to be set HIGH/ON/1 (about 3,3V ) to enable it, on others, it needs to be LOW/OFF/0 (about 0 V) to do the same. This really depends on the device.

Find already defined PINIO functions

Some flight controller targets come with PINIOs preconfigured, for example to switch the camera, the VTX supply voltage or an inbuilt Bluetooth device.

Check the unified target configuration of your flight controller or use the resource command on the running board, to find any existing PINIOs — if any.

You may find something like resource PINIO 1 B00 or PINIO 1 B00. This shows us, that there is already a PINIO with the index of 1 (PINIO #1).

If you want to add additional PINIOs, make sure not to remove existing ones in the process, by incrementing the index!

Disable internal Bluetooth device, when craft gets armed

Most flight controller targets with an inbuilt Bluetooth module, are already preconfigured, so there is often no need to do anything at all!

Still, it may be interesting to find out, if and how it is configured.

The configuration may look like this:

This is PINIO #1(mapped to pin B00), so we only look at the first of the four comma seperated values in the arrays.

The value of pinio_box is 0, which — according to the table above — is set to the BOXARM box/mode. So if the craft gets armed, this gets activated, too.

The value of pinio_config is 129 which — very simply put — means it is set to on/off mode and also gets inverted. Inverted means, is gets turned off, when the matching PINIO gets turned on — and vice versa.

So if the craft gets armed, the B00 pin will be set to…. LOW (about 0 V). In this example, this means, that the inbuilt Bluetooth module turns off, when it senses a LOW signal on this pin (simply because it’s built this way).

Disable external Bluetooth UART-Adapter, when the craft gets armed

This is bascially the same as with the internal module.

The only difference is, that you need to select a free pin to switch the device on and off and you need to know what type of signal (HIGH or LOW) your device expects.

Let’s say you decide to use the otherwise unused PPM pin to switch your newly added Bluetooth module, which comes with an additional pin/wire that may be labeled POWER or ENABLE. The documentation of the module tells you, that the signal on this pin needs to be LOW for the module to turn off. Please note, that there maybe pins on the breakout board of the Bluetooth module that aren’t actually connected to anything!

You also need to know if you already have on or more PINIO functions configured (see above!).

Some things to note here:

  • There are already two PINIO functions set up, so the one we add will be #3.
  • We set the third value of pinio_config from 1 to 129 (inversion), because the device shall switch off when this box/mode turns on.
  • We set the third value of pinio_box from 255 to 0 because we want to activate this, when the device is armed (see table above!).
  • Don’t forget to save!

Switch Bluetooth device on, when in Pit Mode

This is the exact same setup as above, but instead of setting pinio_box for PINIO #3 to 0, it is set to 39. Now the Bluetooth module will turn on, when in pit mode.

Switch VTX on/off using a USERn function controlled by the sender

This time, we want to switch the VTX with an actual switch on the sender. For this to work, we need

  • A VTX that comes with a pin to switch it off.
  • A function on the flight controller board that allows to switch off the supply voltage for the VTX.
  • A simple circuit with a transistor, that gets placed between VTX supply voltage and VTX. There are ready made modules like “RealPit” available for this.

For this, we use one of the BOXUSER<n> modes/boxes (IDs 40 to 43). This will add a matching User mode/function in the Modes tab of the Configurator, which can then be mapped to a channel on the sender.

Let’s say we have a “clean” flight controller without any preconfigured PINIOs or User functions and the PPM pin is the one to be used for this:

Some things to note here:

  • We don’t change pinio_config, since the example VTX will switch on when the pin is pulled HIGH. So the default value of 1 is fine.
  • We set the first value of pinio_box to 40, since this is the first and only User function on this board (again, see table above!).
  • The only thing left is now to map the function in the Modes tab of the Configurator (not, that this will only show up, after setting an ID of 40-43 in pinio_box).
  • Don’t forget to save!

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